LAST MEETING

slide show
sickness/site * treatment/user (need) * therapy/program

for thursday:
what users need - treatment for program
tapping into the energy of the site
if its in program is on 7th street - why not have it on 9th steet
users using: flow/stop/pause/start
tune up surgical maps into one
symptoms - their meaning - methods of treatment - heres how cycle will become

redo statement - when changed please comment



watch nip/tuck intro

SURGICAL TERMS FOR ANALYZING THE SITE

Suffixes
-centesis: surgical puncture
-desis : fusion of two parts into one, stabilization
-ectomy: surgical removal. The term 'resection' is also used, especially when referring to a tumor.
-oid : similar to
-opsy : looking at
-ostomy or -stomy: surgically creating a hole (a new "mouth" or "stoma")
-otomy or -tomy: surgical incision
-plasty : replacement
-rrhapy: suture
-graphy : writing about or a representation of a specified thing

surgical procedures using in project:

NEW USERS

John is a Hipster that is a big part of this area. John usually is caught just hanging out with his friends at coffee houses or laying around on a spot of green or any open area to sit and talk for a long period of time. John travels by bike everywhere he goes having his friends following right behind him. He loves his bike. Driving is out of the question for he has an environmental aspect to his life. John loves to end his night with a dance party with a large amount of people in warehouses or at shows. The Electric Factory is at 7th and Callowhill where music and dance shows happen all the time. The area also has a number of music warehouses. John uses the site very often for it is a safe way to travel through the site to get to destinations. With slow traffic lights and a bike path it gives comfort traveling through here where he could stop to have talk time or catch an eventful party.

Erin is a Student at Temple University who lives in the northern part of the site. She wakes up and gets ready for her day of classes. Erin loads her back up and heads to school. She always decides to walk to school even though it's a good ditance but she likes the little workout becasue she cares what her body looks like. Erin goes through her classes and heads home. She stops at the local burrito stand on 10th street when she gets back in the area. Shes going to need some grease in her becasue it's 'Thirsty Thursday' and its always a drinking night on thrusdays. She gets her work done and has her friends come over to drink a little before they go out. She calls for a taxi and heads to center city becasue their is no nice places to go for some fun.

Kevin is a Worker who manages in one of the industrial storage buildings. He wakes up early in the a.m., drinks his cup of coffee and heads to work in his 92 honda escort. He is been driving this beat up car for the last 10 years now becasue he feels he cant buy another car cause he is under paid. He gets to 8th and callow street and there us nowhere to park so he has to pay to park al day. Already starting the day off slow, Kevin goes into work for a full day of annoying people. Kevin comes out of work to get his car to go home to his family and dinner but notices a scratch on his car from someone parking too close to him in the parking lot. Kevin drives off to his faimly siging to Journey becasue he knows he has to come back to this job tomarrow but happy that hes getting out of ther.

Marko is a Resident that lives in the area. He owns one of the many car care places in the area. He wakes up and walks down the street to open his shop up. He throws a pot of mothers ukrainian coffee on and goes next door to see his other local friends and how they are doing. He hangs outside of his friends little shop all day, exchanging over told stories how his home land is amazing. He gives dirty looks at people that he doesnt know and heads back to his shop for someone has pulled up to his shop. He goes back and forth to his friends and his car care all day til it's time to clock out and go home for some sausage beans and rice.

Ando is a Chinese Resident in the southern part of the site who is trying to open another chinese restaurant in Chinatown. He lives right above his soon to become restaurant. He lives with his wife and 3 young teenagers, all who will be working for their father and huband. He wakes up going to markets in Chinatown to find what food he wants to get his 'fresh' foods from. He stays in the area, not leaving it becasue his culture is there. People come in and go from his area and he wants to provide for them traveling through ther southern part of this site. When his restaurant is started, there will be no time for traveling anywhere else in philadelphia for his rertaurant is opneed everyday of the week.

Paulsky is a Child that is part of an african amercian family. His family lives in an enclosed small block residential area next to the vine street expressway. Awaken by his mother during the week for school, his sister walks him to school that is located in the northern part of the area. After school, he ditches his sister to run around with his friends. They find open areas to play football or tag. He is out late where is parents do not know where he is because he is somewhere new everyday. He cant go to franklin park becasue it's too tp cross the vine street expressway. He runs around and makes terror in the neighborhood until he hears his mother calling his name. Paulsky runs home and gets a mouthfull from his mother and sits down and eats dinner. He goes to sleep for he cant wait to run around with his friends again after school.

more on program thought

Applying programmatic thoughts to these users, there is one thing to still think about. There are the users that pass by. How to go about “interviewing” them to come to the site? How to provide program to this area that people coming through will want to drive, bike, run, or walk through this area.
The first step into thinking about these scenarios was open space vs. enclosure. Bringing green spaces around the Electrical building has the potential of stopping space while people are living or traveling through the area. Since the residents in the area do not even use this at all, it can bring them together and see what this great part pf the city is all about. They know this area is there, they can see the building from five blocks down the road. They know its there so it has potential of uniting it. All the users have a sense that they need this leisure space that the area does not provide. Hipsters and Students could come and hangout and possibly plan their next dance party, or even just to have a walk through and a cigarette. Children have a space to run around in and parents not worrying about them because they know where they are and feel sage about it. Workers could have their lunch break out here.
So getting them to the building, what is going to be there? The building needs to establish something for the users in the area and outside coming in. If you look at Rem Koolhaas’ Seattle Public Library, he gives this sense of cross programming. He states about the building, “The ambition is to redefine and reinvent the Library as an institution no longer exclusively dedicated to the book, but as an information store, where all media - new and old - are presented under a regime of new equalities. In an age where information can be accessed anywhere, it is the simultaneity of all media and the professionalism of their presentation and interaction, that will make the Library new.”5 This building needs to be flexible and have specific duties for all users.
Pushing the parking over to the other side of 8th street is needed. There are so many parking lots there that are never fully filled and it will add to he open space aspect.
Is there a possibility of residents inhabitation this building at all? Not sure if people want to live here if events are going on outside constantly. Maybe residential could be looked more toward college students and hipsters since they are in that age range where they could handle events going on and participate in.
The circulation needs to connect using these Willow Street lines from Spring Garden down to the site and back up. It will stitch people using spring garden down into the site and back on their path. This makes a linkage to the site on their route. What will go on here is not determined, but a leisure pathway will conclude what this site needs.

THE [USER]

The Child is woken by their parents for school everyday in the area. They are driven by their parents, ride the bus, or walk to school. They might not really like school, but like most kids, they want to get school over with so they can go play with their friends. They have their playtime and are called in for dinner. They finish their homework and off to bed to wake up again the next day and wait to play games. The fact that this area does not have anything around for their kids to play in has to be disappointing for the Child. Franklin park is across Vine Street, but who lets their child run across a major street like that one. There is some open space around 10th and Green Street, but the Child gets away and out of site from their parents. To the northwest is a good amount of residential. They need something for their kids to be entertained so they are not running the city getting lost.


The Student lives in the area. Waking up everyday to get to class by catching a bus, riding a bike, walking, or driving. They come to school, put their efforts towards their education and leave. They continue with a new journey, stop at the library, grab a beer with some friends, come home and write a paper, or watch some TV. A Student always needs to blow off some steam, they need some leisure time, even if it is hanging out with their friends, maybe want to catch a movie or go out to the bar or even just to get some alone time by themselves. A Student living in this area has plenty of accesses to different atmospheres in the city, but they do not have that genuine getaway space close by to them.


The Worker comes and goes to work everyday. Works his or her 9-5 job and goes home to their family. The Worker starts out by getting up and usually traveling by car to get to work. He or she does their duties and drives back home getting caught in hush hour traffic. They come home to their families, eat dinner and gets ready to do it all over again the next day. There is a storage building at 8th and Willow Street with the Red Cross and Traffic Court at 8th and Spring Garden. There are parking lots in-between them for parking for the surrounding area of structures holding their jobs. A worker always needs some time to get away from their job or even wait till hush hour traffic and pass by. This could be a great opportunity to give them leisure time to themselves with open or enclosed space to get away from their everyday lives.


The Hipster is a big part of this area. A Hipster usually is caught just hanging out with friends at coffee houses or laying around on a spot of green or any open area to sit and talk for a long period of time. The Hipster travels by bike everywhere they go. They love their bike. Driving is out of the question for they have an environmental aspect to their lives. They love to end their night with a dance party with a large amount of people in warehouses or at shows. The Electric Factory is at 7th and Callowhill where music and dance shows happen all the time. The area also has a number of music warehouses. The Hipster uses the site very often for it is a safe way to travel through the site to get to destinations. With the slow lights and bike path it gives comfort traveling through here where they could stop to have their talk time or catch an eventful party.

Electrical Power and Corporate Identity: PECO’s Delaware Generating Station

http://ruins.wordpress.com/2006/11/10/electrical-power-and-corporate-identity-pecos-delaware-generating-station/

investigations from last meeting

franklin park
- tourist group
-doesnt go north

narratives
-hipster
-student
-resident
-tourist

people that arent there
interviewing
-teens
-students
-children
-elders

checking out ridge subway

perception of journey and experience
-what are the stories about how i want to use those for

what are the uses that are needed?
-enjoyable through it

deadzones
-how it changes
-whatis fertile ground

get on viaduct

bramante
-milan vs rome
-monumental
-emptiness is monumental

pics of electrical bldg from different points

getting into programatic issues

open space vs enclosure
- green in surrounding open spaces
- good - has potential of a stopping space while traveling through
- bad – it could be the stomping ground for the drug traffic already going on
- park like – for the residential in the area that doesn’t use area at all
- spaces are so large that they jump out at you
- abandon buildings – program needs to establish something for people in area and for outside area
- ex. Koolhaas – Seattle Public Library
- Mercati Generali – abandon area turned into commercial and leisure - The strategy for the redevelopment of the Mercati Generali proposes a balance of uses that closely resemble an emergent method for the rehabilitation and reprogramming of disused structures. Whereas historically public space flourished around squares and streets linked to religious or civic buildings or landmarks, today’s cities relay increasingly on the private sector to propagate the city pulse, especially through retail and leisure.
- good – the buildings are noticeable through out site and out side of site

% of users
- in the site now
- 25% RESIDENTIAL
- 40% OPEN SPACE AND PARKING
- 35% INDUSTRIAL
- proposed % of uses
- keeping residential
- open space
- push parking to one generalized area
- parking lots – are not filled at all but a necessity for workers
- open space – “park like” – residential use and user friendly to people coming through site
- abandon buildings – three buildings that are being worked with
- connecting them to the open space and circulation
- good – buildings need to be highly public
- cant be private – users wouldn’t use it and it would become abandon again

circulation – walk vs bike vs drive
walk – spring garden and 8th street are mainly used for walking now
bike – spring garden – connecting most people from music scene to center city more
car – spring garden for travel – 8th street for red cross – callowhill for high travel
willow street lines – means of bringing users into site and through buildings
- the line cuts through the site and into open spaces
- stitching users from top and bottom as mapping routes for future linkages

NOTABLE CONDITIONS AND SPACES ALONG OTHER STREETS

5th street
arch - race
-Independence hall - people everywhere
W - national constitution center
E - dept of treasure
race - s.g.
blocked - where you get to NJ brigde - underground tunnel
6th street
arch - race
Independence hall
race - callow
W - large commercial
E - nothing
callow - s.g.
W - philly ball then union bldg. then transit
E - storage
s.g. - fairmount
W - Jewish church then apartments
E - Lease space
7th street
race - vine
W - govt bldg
E - Large Park
vine - callowhill
nothing
callow - s.g.
W - red cross
E - electric factory
s.g. - fairmount
residential
8th street
arch - race
large parrking underpass
race - arch
W - constitution center
E - nothing
vine - callow
W - residential - nice quiet res by vine- why?
E - nothiing
callow - s.g.
W - steel workers then medical group (ambulances everywhere in park lot) then traffic court
E - red cross
s.g. - fairmount
W - communications group then liberty station
E - noithing - empty lots by tracks
9th street
arch - race
W - galery behind
E -
race - vine
chinatown - you can see bldg whole way
vine blocks 9th
vine - callow
traffic goes south at this point
callow - s.g.
traffic goes north now
W - electric bldg (my bldg)
E - car care next to brewery with res
s.g. - fairmount
gets blocked - behind it is residential and display center - then church - big gold dome
10th street
south of vine - chinatown and residential
vine - s.g.
W - parking lot market
s.g. - fairmount
W - residential
E - residential then large construction area
11th street
south of vine - chinatown and residential
vine - callow
E - residential
callow - hamilton
W - electrical units - electric company
s.g. - mt. vernon
W - african church
E - independence press
my vernon - fairmount
W - school
12th street
race - woods
W - large warehouse
E - large warehouse - grafitti
callow - s.g.
E - electrical units - electric company then large construction
s.g. - fairmount
W - educational bldg then residential
E - church then school

NOTIBLE CONDITIONS AND SPACES ALONG SPRING GARDEN

SPRING GARDEN - from 12th to 5th
12th - 11th
N - pass chruch and carwash/auto repair - people alwasy gathered around it
S - commercial - not used highly
11th - 10th
N - res and commercial
S - carwash then spaghetti warehouse restaurant - always people coming and going when opened
10th - 9th
N - large commercial on both sides of bridge - abandon area under bridge - drugs
S - large commecial before bridge
9th - 8th
N - durran then communications group
S - fed ex then traffic court bldg - traffic build up outside bldg - high noise
8th - 7th
N - guild house - whole block - people gathered outside and sides of building
S - red cross - whole block - people always coming and going
7th - 6th
N - church then residential - quiet
S - commercial then bank
6th - 5th
N - dollar store/stoage unit
S - mothers inc

BIKING

so i road through the site multiple times over the last week and it was very interesting apposed to driving. Being able to manuver through the site at any speed and through traffic and not following the rules of the road. The one thing i did notice though while i was biking was that the only thing i was able to focus on was what was in front of me and the sides if i was moving between somehting or turning. What i did notice was cutting through the area i want to devlope was easy noting in my head. If traffic was accumilating, then i would cut through and it was a nice short cut until i got to callowhill, then it was stop mode. so i actually wanted some sort of connection across callowhill. i kinda got pissed that i had to stop and wait so long just to cross the street. Spring garden is where i saw the most bike riding through out the site at different times. There is a bike path and the music/hipster scene is right there, and they travel by bike all the time. it would be interesting connecting the music area (electric factpry and warehouse right there) through the site. Over lapping all these connections through my site.
the next time i go out im going to bring my camera and document it that way or possibly by using a video camera but i need someone to watch my back to see if cars are coming

comments about spring garden biking
- people talking about getting from 9th and filbert to 34th and walnut

I would think that spring garden would be your ticket to bike nirvana. take 11th north to SG and SG over the bridge to west philly. from there, you're on yer own. don't venture much to them parts. wild nincompoops and Dave roaming the streets not to mention haggard Drexel students and the occasional Pennie.

Spring Garden is a great biking street...but from a practical standpoint, I think that it might add a little too much time to the journey.

If you were going to the higher #'s streets, I used to ride straight down Spring Garden, go over the SG bridge - SG is nice bc it has a bike lane almost everywhere, the lights are timed to 25mph and you can generally zip down it, hang a left around the museum, the SG bridge is usually pretty quiet in terms of traffic.

Spring Garden's a great cycling St and doesn't look so bad going West as it does going east, but I would definitely beat you up and steal your bike if I saw your snooty CC butt

WHAT I GOT OUT OF LAST MEETING AND WHAT I NEED TO DO

LARGER MAPPING ANALYSIS
-DISTRICTS OF PEOPLE
-HISTORIC ASPECTS OF SITE
- MOVEMENTS
- BUILDINGS
-FIGURE OUT WHAT EACH FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS ARE
-WHERE PEOPLE ACCUMALATE (THROUGHOUT DAY)

BIKE PICS - TO SEE HOW THE SITE IS MAINLY USED TODAY

PICS FROM 95

GETTING INSIDE???

REVIEW RADICAL RECON.

WHAT DRIVING, RUNNING, WALKING, BIKING ARE DOING - WHY THEY ARE????

SYNCRANIZE SITE WITH PEOPLE USING IT

IDENTIFY USER

CONDUCTING MORE INFO ON THE HOSTORY OF THE SITE

koolhaas thoughts

-incorporates his observations of the contemporary city within his design activities: calling such a condition the ‘culture of congestion’.
-shopping is examined for "intellectual comfort", whilst the unregulated taste and densification of Chinese cities is analysed according to "performance", a criterion involving variables with debatable credibility: density, newness, shape, size, money etc.
-in his design for the new CCTV headquarters in Beijing, did not opt for the stereotypical skyscraper, often used to symbolise and landmark such government enterprises, but instead designed a series of volumes which not only tie together the numerous departments onto the nebulous site, but also introduced routes (again, the concept of cross-programming) for the general public through the site, allowing them some degree of access to the production procedure
-extract the architect from the anxiety of a dead profession and resurrect a contemporary sublime, however fleeting it may be

http://www.oma.eu/

INVESTIGATING

site/building
-used to control needs of the people in the area
-gave them oppurtunity to function
-circulation:
-willow street lines - traveled through site and to building
- way of moving function through site

programatic needs
-open space
- bringing them to site and usin it
-historic communication
- building
- layers of the site

currently there
- red cross - main program used there
- adandonment
- parking - takes up most the space there

people
- small residents scattered
- industrial workers
- small commercial workers
- vehicular movement ( mainly the only movement through the site)

investgations
- how people move through the site
- how to change the site into user friendly
- using historic aspects into creating new generized site

PLAYING WITH HISTORIC CIRCULATION

in my paper i state:
What matters is what the new and the old in their differing expressions say together about their evolving subject matter, the way the new and the old are brought to collaborate across their difference to exist with each other. The old is not for veneration but the historic context to link the new reusing one to specifications of the urban center (2)

so bringing this into the surgery aspect i think about the old fabric of your body that the new 'skin' adhears to and rebuilds itself of it. so this first take into thinking about program for kates class i looked at the willow street line. using that historic circulation the site had. it crosses over the site area leading right into the electrical building. i found this very interesting in that it could be what i adhere too. this sense of place and passage through it to link it to the outer layer of the site. so to bring that into perception - it could lead to different ways of accessing the interior through the different scenarios i was talking about-walk,run,car

i just wanted to see if this was where i should be going or if i needed to be thinking of somethng else also
i have been doing things in university city which will be wrapped up tomarrow and put on here ( i had to leave the one site becasue someone got pissed that i took a picture wIth them in it, so i need to go back there)

DRAFT SITE

Surrounded by numerous manhole covers with the word "STEAM" stamped on them is the Willow Street Steam Generation Plant. This great hulking structure was built in 1927 by the Philadelphia Electric Company as part of Center City Philadelphia's elaborate steam delivery system, which still operates. Rail cars used to bring fuel via tracks along Willow Street. The smokestacks are 163 feet high. It's been abandoned for over 25 years. The large interior spaces that held the boilers preclude easy alteration for reuse, as there are no floors inside the building. There have been proposals to convert the structure into a trash-to-steam plant and also to cover it with huge wrap-around advertising. It may be decades before anything happens with it. The asbestos-filled building has been sealed by the fire department, because it is so dangerous.

The roots of Philadelphia's district steam system dates back to 1889, when the Edison Electric Light Company of Philadelphia—which eventually became part of the Philadelphia Electric Company—began to generate and sell electricity from its central station at 908 Sansom Street. Later that year, exhaust steam from the plant's engines was used to warm a nearby house at 917 Walnut Street, creating an additional source of revenue. The Philadelphia Electric Company later built other steam generating plants, including the Willow Street Plant, and constructed a vast underground steam network to serve various buildings and institutions. The system became the third largest district steam heating system in the United States. Steam pipes in Philadelphia run under sidewalks rather than under streets, as in other places. The steam is sent under pressure at a constant temperature of about 450 degrees, summer and winter, enabling the pipes to last for decades with little wear.

http://www.workshopoftheworld.com/center_city/willow_steam.html

THE WORD 'SURGERY'

the type of surgery i would be talking about in my thesis would be factial implant surgery. Facial contours can be enhanced with the aid of facial implants. These implants may be used to help strengthen a jawline or to bring the chin or cheekbones into balance with the rest of the face. Plastic surgeons will frequently use such implants to bring better balance to the features of a younger patient, or a more mature patient may choose to have an implant placed in conjunction with another cosmetic procedure.

so when you would look at the site, think of it as the pre opp. this is where i am checking the vital signs, blood pressure and IV. the structures from other buildings and the site will become the bone structure - and to go back what pron said about materials and fabric, this would determine those things after the site specific scereos are put out there (pre opp).

i dont know if i am going away from anything or adding too much into it by saying that?

PATH PERCEPTION DIAGRAM

In this diagram I showed the different types (car - bottom, walking - middle, walking - top) of proceeding through a site/context/envirnment. This wasnt any specific sit chosen for this diagram, but to show the possibilities they have of proceeding through the site. Perception is used going throuhg a site and it is based on the space and time you use it. the car goes fast on an advised path - it follows the guidelines of the road. While running your perception is closed in to knowing where you are because its your advised path - you run around other people but things arent as noticable. walking is the key element throuhg a site becasue there is large amount of possobilities. the holes in the site are seen and the different - holes meaning crossing the street, inbetween cars, in between buildings etc. it uses the context to its fullest.

i think i get a little to demanding when i say these statements about the different types. i cant say that when walking everyone does this is - its mor eof an overview of what i think towards these things. please let me know if i need to clear anything up.

SKIN AS FABRIC

Constraints and variables define themselves relative to each other. A case in point is sheering layers, a concept mentioned by Stuart Brand in How Buildings Learn (Brand). Sheering layers are essentially components of an urban center that evolve in different timescales. In order of longevity, the layers: site, structure, and skin; show how the framework of a city constructs into the fabric. When we think our face, fabric of our face is only a tissue covering bone structure (Brand). One’s appearance is already decided in the level of bone figure. Then, if urban fabric makes a character or impression of a city, don’t we have to focus on its structure, energy flow or inner layer than fabric to scrutinize its route of transform? The adaptability of a building, according to Brand, is determined by “the degree to which faster layers are not obstructed by slower layers.” Transforming urban fabric layers are injected from slower layers to adapt a new urban center

BILBAO GUGGENHEIM

example of a major civic institution placed within an existing urban context. Sited at the juncture of a dense, mid-rise downtown commercial district and an industrial riverfront zone, the museum employs a strategy of connection and contrast with the two existing contexts.
Two formal languages, combined within the same building, mediate between the orthogonal context of the city grid and its architecture and the irregular architecture along the river's edge. For example, the portion of the building along the consistent downtown edge employs a cubic normative geometry in heavy masonry, while irregular shapes and a reflective, lightly colored titanium skin occurs along the river (Guasch 151). This second language contrasts with the rectangular geometry and matte, dark red and brown color palette of the downtown commercial architecture, while relating to the metallic industrial context. Ultimately, this complex strategy signals the special significance of the museum, both in terms of its public program and role in announcing the new, post-industrial future of Bilbao (Guasch 151).

Santa Caterina Market

Old townscape of flexing form and fabric, accepting change from its medieval history. The density in Ciutat Vella is such that you almost feel contained within some kind of stone organism. Walking out of the clutter ness of the environment, you enter into open air. The Vella has modular design solutions that can be enabled by simply punching holes in blocks to enable sudden impromptu squares. Filling these gaps with people and structure, the skin would heal. The built fabric in this part of the city is more like a membrane, textured skin rather that streets, blocks or roads

WEB CONNECTIONS / IMPOSING STRUCTURE

Linear systems, like movement, should be woven into and around existing structures. Instead of conceiving of the urban fabric as a collection of building masses, it should become a web of connections. Systems are conceived and are able to grow and change incidentally without comprising the underlying order. It finds inherent order, finds similarities between social patterns for a new urban design.

Surgery Abstract

Perception creates experience. Time alters perception. Repetition and sequence of experience affects the way we perceive. An urban narrative of space is influenced by walking, running and driving. The street unfolds and comes alive at different speeds of encounter. But viewers want to visualize information simultaneously in a single display. This can be an urban narrative model.
A contextual condition is important to consider in any intervention for the urban context. In the contemporary urban condition this will alter the framework. ‘New’ will have to take into account the existing context. With this is mind, new development reacting to the older existing city fabric can have the affect of mediating separate individual actions, bringing them together too create a new whole.
Architecture has cultural and symbolic significance and is increasingly complex in the urban center. Architecture in the outskirts, you often have to make your own context, whereas in an urban center you have one to correspond to. Frequently modification of existing, historic buildings is called for. This is contextualism in the sense of an almost abstract response to the perceived character and proportions of surrounding buildings, coupled with the knowledge that the best contemporary architecture sits happily within its context if it is true to its own time (2).
Contextualism is an interesting way of approaching architecture work for its taking into account human act of inhabiting. That views demands from the interpreter to consider not only the incidentally and historic character of the architecture, but also its relationship to the environment in order to show how special this proposal employing visual and tactile typologies is (2)
Besides such vague general features, there are specific cultural conditions characteristic of each culture. However, certain cultural features are found back in the broader underlying general principles (2). The central question is: which visual stimuli lead to specific aesthetic preferences, and how do people motivate those preferences? There are formalistic and contextualistic visions of art and beauty: formalists see art as form in itself, while for the contextualists the meaning of art derives from the context in which it has a place and function (2).
"The best way to plan a urban context is to see how people use it today; to look for its strengths and to exploit and reinforce them. There is no logic that can be superimposed on the city; people make it, as it is to them, not buildings, that we must fit our plans (1)" Decision making tends to be incremental rather than set by a master plan. To such an extent as centralized planning is needed, its goal should be to "catalyze" and "nourish" rather than to direct: "The science of city planning and the art of city design, in real life for real cities, must become the science and art of catalyzing and nourishing close-grained working relationships (1)"